The ventrolateral medulla (VLM) is a brain region that is critical for many vital functions as well as motor control. Experimental studies show that specific populations of VLM neurons are involved in the regulation of autonomic function, respiratory control, sleep-wake behavior, cranial motor function and locomotion. However, many aspects of the organization of the neurons controlling these distinct, but often interrelated, functions of the VLM remain uncertain. This study aimed to create a comprehensive dataset of VLM neurons enriched with targeted sequencing of adrenergic/noradrenergic and spinally-projecting subtypes. Our dataset indicates that, excluding neurons in the inferior olivary nuclei, there are 23 subtypes of neurons in the VLM based on differentially expressed genes, including subtypes expressing genes that identify VLM neurons involved in autonomic, respiratory and motor control. We found 7 subtypes of spinally-projecting neurons, 2 subtypes expressing gene markers of respiratory-related neurons, as well as adrenergic/noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons that were validated by in-situ hybridization. Deeper analysis of adrenergic/noradrenergic neurons and serotonergic neurons identified subpopulations of monoaminergic neurons. This dataset is available to the public for download, for analysis with a user-friendly interface, and will provide the means to identify specific VLM neurons necessary for vital function and motor control.